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PSYCHOLOGICAL WARFARE / INFORMATION OPERATIONS
External Bibliographie
Secret Intelligence Service
Adversitate. Custodi. Per Verum
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Section II : Related External Reference Material
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Psychological Warfare
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Aquino. Michael. A. MIND WAR. Create Space Independent Publishing Platform. 2013. isbn 978-1484926451
American Institutes for Research, ed. THE ART AND SCIENCE OF PSYCHOLOGICAL OPERATIONS: CASE STUDIES OF MILITARY APPLICATION. Department of the Army Pamphlet No. 525-7-1, 2 vols. Washington, DC: Department of the Army, 1976.
Auckland, R.G.,THE FALLING LEAF – AERIAL DROPPED PROPAGANDA 1914-1961 The Museum of Modern Art, Oxford, in 1978.
Baldwin, R.E.: LAST HOPE – THE BLOOD CHIT STORY. Schiffer Military History, Atglen, PA, 1997.
This book is on the subject of blood chits, and gives the background of the government’s attempt to provide flyers with a means to escape enemy capture. It shows numerous American leaflets used to instruct local natives how to return flyers to allied lines.
Balfour, Michael: PROPAGANDA IN WAR 1939-1945. Routledge and Kegan, London, 1979.
A history of the organizations, policies and themes of propaganda used on their own population by the governments of Great Britain and Germany.
Bairdain, Drs. Ernest F. and Edith M. the Final Report Psychological Operations Studies – Vietnam, Human Sciences Research Inc., 1971.
Baret, Peter, Beth Irwin Lewis and Paul Peret PERSUASIVE IMAGES: POSTERS OF WAR AND REVOLUTION FROM THE HOOVER INSTITUTION ARCHIVES, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1992
Barnett, Frank, and others, editor. SPECIAL OPERATIONS IN U.S. STRATEGY. Washington, National Defense University Press, 1984.
Berger, Carl: AN INTRODUCTION TO WARTIME LEAFLETS. American University, 1959.
Berry, Jerald W. and Donna G. Berry PSYCHOLOGICAL WARFARE LEAFLETS OF THE VIETNAM WAR, 2001
Bhatt, Dr. Arunkumar, Psychological Warfare and India, Lancer Publishers, New Delhi, India, 2006.
Blankenhorn, Heber: Adventures in Propaganda: Letters from an Intelligence Officer in France, Houghton Mifflin and Co., Boston and New York, 1919.
Boehm, Edward. BEHIND ENEMY LINES: WWII ALLIED/AXIS PROPAGANDA. London: Wellfleet Press, 1985.
Bornstein. Joseph and Paul Milton. ACTION AGAINST THE ENEMY’S MIND – THIS PSYCHOLOGICAL WAR, New York, NY: Bobbs-Merrill Company, 1942
Brown, Anthony Cave BODYGUARD OF LIES. 2 vol. New York: Harper & Row, 1975.
Breuer, William B.: SHADOW WARRIORS – THE COVERT WAR IN KOREA, John Wiley and Sons, N.Y., 1996.
Bruce-Lockhart, Sir Robert, COMES THE RECKONING, Putnam 1947.
Bruntz, George. ALLIED PROPAGANDA AND THE COLLAPSE OF THE GERMAN EMPIRE IN 1918, Hoover War Library, Volume Number 13, Stanford University, CA, Stanford University Press, 1938
Buchbender, Ortwin and Schuh, Horst: HEIL BEIL! Seewald Verlag, Stuttgart, 1974.
Budd, Edward, A PRINTER GOES TO WAR, Howard Baker Press, London 1975.
General information on leaflet printing in WWII.
Bunker, Stephen: SPY CAPITAL OF BRITAIN – BEDFORDSHIRE’S SECRET WAR 1939-1945, Bedford Chronicles, 2007.
Bush H. C. PRETESTING PSYOP LEAFLETS IN VIETNAM, Pacific Technical Analysis (Control Data Corporation), 15 March 1969.
Butler, Ewan: AMATEUR AGENT. W.W. Norton. N.Y., 1963. UK
Bytwerk, Randall L: PAPER WAR: NAZI PROPAGANDA IN ONE BATTLE ON A SINGLE DAY – CASSINO, ITALY, MAY 11 1944, Mark Batty Publisher, 2005.
Campbell, John Martin. SLINGING THE BULL IN KOREA, Albuquerque, University of New Mexico Press, 2010. 178-pages
Campbell, John R.: ARE WE WINNING? ARE THEY WINNING?, Author House, Bloomington, IN, 2004.
Carty, Pat, SECRET SQUADRONS OF THE EIGHTH, Ian Allen Ltd., London, 1990. UK
Chandler, Robert W. WAR OF IDEAS: THE US PROPAGANDA CAMPAIGN IN VIETNAM. Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1981.
Cockerill, Brigadier General, Sir George WHAT FOOLS WE WERE, Hutchinson, WWII.
COMMUNIST PROPAGANDA HIGHLIGHTS, 7th PSYOP Group, 3 July 1970.
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COMMUNIST PROPAGANDA RADIO AND NEWS SERVICE HIGHLIGHTS,7th PSYOP Group, 23 June 1972.
Conboy, Kenneth & Dale Andrade SPIES AND COMMANDOS – HOW AMERICA LOST THE SECRET WAR IN NORTH VIETNAM, Kansas: Published by University Press of Kansas, 2000
Cooley, John: CURRENCY WARS, Skyhorse Publishing, New York City, 2008.
Propaganda and counterfeit currency as a weapon of war from the Revolutionary War to the present. 341 pages.
Cruickshank, Charles, DECEPTION IN WORLD WAR II, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1979. UK
Cruickshank, Charles. THE FOURTH ARM: PSYCHOLOGICAL WARFARE 1938 – 1945. London: Davis Poynter, 1977. UK
Cull, Nicholas John. SELLING WAR: THE BRITISH PROPAGANDA CAMPAIGN AGAINST AMERICAN “NEUTRALITY” IN WORLD WAR II. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1995.
Cummings, Richard H.: COLD WAR RADIO: THE DANGEROUS HISTORY OF AMERICAN BROADCASTING IN EUROPE, 1950-1989, McFarland and Company, Jefferson NC and London, 2009.
Darracott, Joseph. THE FIRST WORLD WAR IN POSTERS: FROM THE IMPERIAL WAR MUSEUM, New York: Dover Publications, 1974
Daughtery, William E. compiler. A PSYCHOLOGICAL WARFARE CASEBOOK. Baltimore: Operations Research Office. New York: Arno Press, The John Hopkins University. 1958. Reprinted, 1979.
Daugherty, William E. TECHNICAL MEMORANDUM – EVALUATION AND ANALYSIS OF LEAFLET PROGRAM IN THE KOREAN CAMPAIGN JUNE – DECEMBER 1950, Operations Research Office (ORO) of the Johns Hopkins University, 23 January 1951.
Delmer, Sefton. BLACK BOOMERANG, New York: The Viking Press, 1962. (An exceptional account of British “black radio” during WW II and the effective and creative techniques used.)
Delmer, Sefton, THE COUNTERFEIT SPY, Hutchinson & Co., Ltd., London, 1973.
Account of various Allied efforts at deception and espionage.
Denning, Dorothy. INFORMATION WARFARE AND SECURITY, Reading MA: Addison-Wesley, 1999
Department of Defense, United States. CONDUCT OF THE PERSIAN GULF WAR: FINAL REPORT TO CONGRESS, Washington, United States Department of Defense, 1992. 3 vols.
Dewar, Michael Colonel. THE ART OF DECEPTION IN WARFARE, New York: Sterling Publishing, 1989
Elliston, Jon. PSYWAR ON CUBA; THE DECLASSIFIED HISTORY OF U.S. ANTI-CASTRO PROPAGANDA New York: Ocean Press, 1998.
Ellul, Jacques. PROPAGANDA: THE FORMATION OF MEN’S ATTITUDES. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1965.
Erdmann, James: LEAFLET OPERATIONS IN THE SECOND WORLD WAR. Denver Instant printing. 1969.
Doctoral thesis on U.S. leaflet operations in the European Theater of Operations.
Field, John C.W: AERIAL PROPAGANDA LEAFLETS. Francis J. Field, Sutton Coldfield, England, 1954.
THE FINDINGS OF PROJECT REVERE: A NON-TECHNICAL REPORT ON LEAFLET MESSAGE DIFFUSION: Washington Public Opinion Laboratory, University of Washington, 1954.
Fisher, John, AIRLIFT 1870 Max Parrish, London, 1965.
Occasional reference to Siege of Paris balloon leaflets.
Friedman, Herbert. “AZAD HIND” AND “CHALO DELHI” STAMPS. Jal Cooper, Bombay, India, 1972.
Gass, Robert H. and John S. Seiter. PERSUASION, SOCIAL INFLUENCE, AND COMPLIANCE GAINING. Boston: Allyn and Bacon, 1999.
Gilmore, Allison B. IN THE WAKE OF WINNING ARMIES: ALLIED PSYCHOLOGICAL WARFARE AGAINST THE IMPERIAL JAPANESE ARMY IN THE SOUTHWEST PACIFIC AREA DURING WWII. University Microfilms International Michigan, 1991.
Gilmore, Allison B. YOU CAN’T FIGHT TANKS WITH BAYONETS: PSYCHOLOGICAL WARFARE AGAINST THE JAPANESE ARMY IN THE SOUTHEAST PACIFIC. Lincoln, Nebraska: University of Nebraska Press, 1998.
Glass, Leslie, A CHANGING OF KINGS, Peter Owen,1985.
Burma WWII
***Goldstein, Frank L., editor (Colonel, USAF Ret. Ph.d). PSYCHOLOGICAL OPERATIONS: PRINCIPLES AND CASE STUDIES. Maxwell Air Force Base, Alabama: Air University Press, 1996.
***Goldstein, Franklin (Colonel, USAF Ret. Ph.d) PSYCHOLOGICAL OPERATIONS: A PLAN FOR SUCCESS
***Gordion, Joseph S. editor. PSYCHOLOGICAL OPERATIONS: THE SOVIET CHALLENGE, Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1988.
***Gordon, Joseph, Dr. compiled/editor STRATEGIC PSYCHOLOGICAL OPERATIONS – BOOK OF READINGS, Defense Intelligence College.
Gregory, G.H. POSTERS OF WORLD WAR II, New York: Gramercy Books, 1993
***Harris, Elliot. The UN-AMERICAN WEAPON – PSYCHOLOGICAL WARFARE, New York: Published by Lads Publishing Company, 1967
***Hayden, H.T. (LtCol, USMC). SHADOW WAR: SPECIAL OPERATIONS AND LOW INTENSITY CONFLICT. Vista, CA: Pacific Aero Press, 1992.
Herzstein, Robert Edwin, THE WAR THAT HITLER WON – THE MOST INFAMOUS PROPAGANDA CAMPAIGN IN HISTORY, G. B. Putnam’s Sons, New York, 1978.
Goebbels’ propaganda campaign.
Hirsch, John L. et al. SOMALIA AND OPERATION RESTORE HOPE: REFLECTIONS ON PEACEMAKING AND PEACEKEEPING. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Institute of Peace Press, 1995.
Hogan, Jr., David W. U.S. ARMY SPECIAL OPERATIONS IN WORLD WAR II. Washington, D.C.: The U.S. Army Center of Military History, 1992.
Hosmer, Stephen T. PSYCHOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF U.S. AIR OPERATIONS IN FOUR WARS 1941-1991: LESSONS FOR U.S. COMMANDERS. Santa Monica, California: RAND, 1996.
Howe, Ellic: THE BLACK GAME. Michael Joseph, London, 1982. UK.
Written by the WWII British master forger.
***Hyde, H. Montgomery: ROOM 3603. Farrar, Straus and Co., NY 1962. UK
The story of Sir William Stephenson, who ran British propaganda campaigns against Germany from his headquarters in New York City. This book was written when information on the subject was still closely guarded by the British Offical Secrets Act. The British government commissioned Hyde to write it in reaction to the escape to the Soviet Union of spy Kim Philby, in an effort to blunt the effect of any disclosures about Stephenson’s activities in America.
***Hyde, H. Montgomery, SECRET INTELLIGENCE AGENT, St Martin’s Press, New York, 1982.
A later account of the work of Sir William Stephenson (Intrepid) in the U.S., with information that was still classified when Hyde wrote Room 3603.
***International Public Opinion Research, Inc. TECHNICAL MEMORANDUM – AN EVALUATION OF PSYWAR INFLUENCE ON NORTH KOREAN TROOPS, Operations Research Office (ORO) of the Johns Hopkins University, 23 January 1951.
***Jacobson, Mark R.: Minds then Hearts: U.S. Political and Psychological Warfare during the Korean War, PhD Thesis. Ohio State University, 2005.
Jowett, Garth and Victoria O’Donnell. PROPAGANDA AND PERSUASION London: Sage Publications, Newbury Park, 1996.
***On the similarities between propaganda and persuasion through communication.
Kendall, W., EIGHTH ARMY PSYCHOLOGICAL WARFARE IN THE KOREAN WAR Operational Research Office (US Army), December 1951.
Khalilzad, Zalmay M. and John P., white, eds. THE CHANGING ROLE OF INFORMATION IN WARFARE. Santa Monica, California: Rand, 1999.
Kirchner, Klaus: Erlangen, Germany.
Note ; Printer who prepares German-language books of various phases of propaganda leaflets from WWI and WWII.
BRITISH LEAFLETS 1914-1918.
01. FRENCH LEAFLETS 1914-1918.
BRITISH LEAFLETS 1939-1941.
02. GERMAN LEAFLETS 1939-1940.
03. FRENCH LEAFLETS 1939-1940.
04. BRITISH LEAFLETS 1942.
05. BRITISH LEAFLETS 1943-1944.
06. UNITED STATES LEAFLETS 1943-1944.
07. BRITISH AND U. S. LEAFLETS 1944-1945.
08. RUSSIAN LEAFLETS JULY-AUGUST 1941.
09. RUSSIAN LEAFLETS SEPTEMBER-DECEMBER 1941.
10. GERMAN LEAFLETS 1941.
11. BRITISH AND U. S. LEAFLETS “NACHRICHTEN FUR DIE TRUPPE” 1944.
12. BRITISH AND U. S. LEAFLETS “NACHRICHTEN FUR DIE TRUPPE” 1945.
13. RUSSIAN LEAFLETS “FRONT-ILLUSTRIERTE” 1941-1945.
14. RUSSIAN REGISTER OF STRATEGIC LEAFLETS 1941-1945.
15. RUSSIAN LEAFLETS FOR THE “FREE GERMANY” COMMITTEE.
16.GERMAN LEAFLETS FOR THE ALLIES IN WESTERN EUROPE 1944.
17.GERMAN LEAFLETS FOR THE ALLIES IN WESTERN EUROPE 1945.
18. U.S. ARMY LEAFLETS FOR GERMAN SOLDIERS IN WESTERN EUROPE 1944-1945.
19. German Anti-Semitic Leaflets 1939-1945.
20. 20th Century Erotic Leaflets in Europe.
21. German leaflets for American and British Soldiers in Italy 1944-1945.
*publisher @ Luitpoldstr. 58, D-91052, Erlangen, Germany.
Kirchner, Klaus: KRANKHEIT RETTET. PSYCHOLOGICAL WARFARE. (Content complete story of malingering leaflets used in Psywar. With facsimile of German “Suedstern” leaflet in English “Better a few weeks ill than all your life dead”.
Kodosky, Robert J. PSYCHOLOGICAL OPERATIONS AMERICAN STYLE – THE JOINT UNITED STATES PUBLIC AFFAIRS OFFICE, VIETNAM AND BEYOND: Lexington Books, Lanham, MD, 2007.
The author makes a case that the reason American PSYOP failed in Vietnam was a lack of understanding and caring about the needs and wants of the Vietnamese people. He implies that the same problem existed in WWII and Korea. 227-pages with no illustrations.
Kushner, Barak: THE THOUGHT WAR – JAPANESE IMPERIAL PROPAGANDA, University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, 2006.
**Report on Japanese propaganda that argues that it was not the government that produced pro-war propaganda, rather, the Japanese people.
Latimer, Harry D.: U. S. PSYCHOLOGICAL OPERATIONS IN VIETNAM. Monograph on National Security Affairs, Brown University, September, 1973.***Review of the PSYOP order of battle, methods, techniques, evaluation, policy guidance and aspects of psychological warfare in Vietnam.
Lerner, Daniel. PSYCHOLOGICAL WARFARE AGAINST NAZI GERMANY: THE SYKEWAR CAMPAIGN. Cambridge: The M.I.T. Press, 1971.
** A detailed look at the workings of OWI during WWII. Much data on themes, operations and concepts. Heavily illustrated.
Lerner, Daniel. PROPAGANDA IN WAR AND CRISIS, 1972
***Libicki, Martin. WHAT IS INFORMATION WARFARE, Institute for National Strategic Studies, National Defense University, 1995
Linebarger, Paul M. A: PSYCHOLOGICAL WARFARE. Infantry Journal Press, Washington D.C., 1948. First edition.
*** Excellent reference book on general propaganda.
Linebarger, Paul M. A: PSYCHOLOGICAL WARFARE. Combat Forces Press, Washington D.C., 1954. Second Edition Reprinted by Combat Forces Press, Washington, D.C., 1972
** Second edition. Has some added data on Korean War propaganda.
Lochner, Louis P., THE GOEBBELS DIARIES Hamish Hamilton, 1948. UK.
British ‘black’ propaganda.
Lord, Carnes and Frank R. Barnett, editors. POLITICAL WARFARE AND PSYCHOLOGICAL OPERATIONS: RE-THINKING THE US APPROACH. Washington, DC: National Defense University Press in cooperation with the National Strategy Information Center, Inc., 1989.
***Lynch, Aaron. THOUGHT CONTAGION: HOW BELIEF SPREADS THROUGH SOCIETY, THE NEW SCIENCE OF MEMES. New York: Basic Books, 1996.
MacArthur, John. THE SECOND FRONT – CENSORSHIP AND PROPAGANDA IN THE GULF WAR, New York, NY: Hill and Wang, 1992
MacCloskey, Monro Brig GEN (USAF Ret), : SECRET AIR MISSIONS: Rosen Press, NY, 1966.
By the American commander of the 122nd Bomber Squadron, the Air Force unit responsible for dropping leaflets over Europe during WWII.
***MacCloskey, Monro, Brig GEN (USAF Ret), ALERT THE FIFTH FORCE: COUNTERINSURGENCY, UNCONVENTIONAL WARFARE AND PSYCHOLOGICAL OPERATIONS OF THE U.S. AIR FORCE IN SPECIAL AIR WARFARE. New York: Rosen Press, 1969.
Written by the American commander of the 122nd Bomber Squadron, Special Air Warfare operations of the U.S. Air Force that dropped leaflets over Europe from WWII to Vietnam. Includes some data on psyop.
Margolin, Leo. PAPER BULLETS: A BRIEF STORY OF PSYCHOLOGICAL WARFARE IN WORLD WAR II, New York: Froben Press, 1946.
Small book with strong anti-Nazi theme. Many illustrations.
McDonald, Hamish: A WAR OF WORDS – THE MAN WHO TALKED 4000 JAPANESE INTO SURRENDER, Queensland University Press, Australia, 2014.
A bit disappointing. An excellent biography of Charles Bavier, but propaganda is not mentioned for the first 200 pages. When it is, the subject is just lightly touched upon. There is not much for the PSYOP student.
McIntosh, Elizabeth P.: SISTERHOOD OF SPIES – THE WOMEN OF THE OSS, Naval Institute Press, Annapolis, MD, 1998.
Mentions operations such as Sauerkraut, forged documents and PSYOP campaigns.
McLaurin, Ron D: MILITARY PROPAGANDA – PSYCHOLOGICAL WARFARE AND OPERATIONS. Praeger Publishers, N.Y.C., 1982.
An anthology of technical psywar articles reprinting many studies first published in A Psychological Warfare Casebook and The Art and Science of Psychological Operations. This book contains only technical data, and no specific leaflet operations.
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McQuiston, Liz. GRAPHIC AGITATION: SOCIAL AND POLITICAL GRAPHICS SINCE THE SIXTIES. London: Phaidon Press, 1993.
Messaris, Paul. VISUAL PERSUASION: THE ROLE OF IMAGES IN ADVERTISING. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications, 1997.
Mints, Jeanne S.; Silverberg, Herbert M.; and Trainman, James E. A Short Guide to Psychological Operations in the Republic of Vietnam, Special Operations Research Office of the American University (SORO), 1965.
A 162-page booklet discussing the make up of enemy forces, PSYOP methods that might work against them, hints about local culture and some technical data. No actual operations are discussed. Really an introduction and guide to Vietnam.
Molnar, Charles J. MOLNAR’S Catalogue. Charles J. Molnar was an American dealer who produced an extensive illustrated sales catalogue of many leaflets, particularly of the Far East. Undated but circa 1965.
Müller, Major Thomas A., FROM TROY TO PSYOP – FACETS OF PSYCHOLOGICAL WARFARE, Ibidem Verlag, Stuttgart, 2011.
358 pages, 34 pages of B&W illustrations, paperback.
Murtha, Garry D: NVA & VIET CONG WARTIME DOCUMENTS
Written account of wartime documents. Some leaflets.
***Murtha, Garry D: THE PHOENIX PROGRAM IN VIETNAM.
Booklet on the Phoenix program, some leaflets illustrated.
Murtha, Garry D: U.S. AND ALLIED FORCES PROPAGANDA LEAFLETS OF THE VIETNAM WAR.
Reproduced leaflets in a bound booklet format.
Newcourt-Nowodworski, Stanley Black Propaganda in the Second World War, Sutton Publishing, UK, 2005.
A lightly illustrated 272-page book on the subject of German and British PSYOP during WWII. The author offers some new information on Polish intelligence and PSYOP under German occupation.
Owen, David. BATTLE OF WITS : A HISTORY OF PSYCHOLOGY & DECEPTION IN MODERN WARFARE
Paddock, Alfred Harlan. PSYCHOLOGICAL AND UNCONVENTIONAL WARFARE, 1941-1952: ORIGINS OF A SPECIAL WARFARE CAPABILITY IN THE UNITED STATES ARMY. Carlisle Barracks, PA, 1979. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan dissertation Transcripts, 1981.
Paddock, Alfred H. Jr. U.S. ARMY SPECIAL WARFARE – ITS ORIGINS, Revised Edition, Kansas: University Press of Kansas, 2002
***Paul, Christopher, Todd C. Helmus, and Russel W.Glenn. ENLISTING MADISON AVE, The Marketing Approach to Earning Popular Support in Theaters of Operations. RAND Corporation National Defense Research Institute, 2007.
This book review the challenges the U.S. faces in shaping indigenous audiences through the synchonization of both word and deed by drawing on lessons from commercial marketing practices.
Paul, Christopher INFORMATION OPERATIONS–DOCTRINES AND PRACTICE, Praeger Security International Reference, 2008.
A no-nonsense treatment of information operations, this handbook makes clear what does and does not fall under information operations, how the military plans and executes such efforts, and what the role of IO ought to be in the “war of ideas.” Paul provides detailed accounts of the doctrine and practice of the five core information operations capabilities (psychological operations, military deception, operations security, electronic warfare, and computer network operations) and the three “related” capabilities (public affairs, civil-military operations, and military support to public diplomacy).
PERSPECTIVES : Journal of the Psychological Operations Association, published quarterly. Articles published include current events in the world of PSYOP.
***Peterson, Niel H.: FROM HITLER’S DOORSTEP, THE WARTIME INTELLIGENCE REPORTS OF ALLEN DULLES, 1942-1945. The Pennsylvania State University Press, 1996.
Pieslak, Jonathan: SOUND TARGETS: AMERICAN SOLDIERS AND MUSIC IN THE IRAQ WAR, Indiana University Press, Bloomington, IN, 2009.
Plaster, John: SOG: THE SECRET WARS OF AMERICA’S COMMANDOS IN VIETNAM, Simon and Schuster, 1997.
***Pratkanis, Anthony R. AGE OF PROPAGANDA: THE EVERYDAY USE AND ABUSE OF PERSUASION. New York: W.H. Freeman, 1991.
***THE PSYWAR SOCIETY: Selected paperback booklets on wartime propaganda.
THE FALLING LEAF (Quarterly Society publication) (The complete run of this booklet runs 208 issues, final issue winter 2012).
THE PSYWAR SOCIETY Catalogs:
1. Leaflets dropped on France by Germany 1939-40 (out of print)
02. GERMAN LEAFLETS TO ALLIED TROOPS IN ITALY 1943-1945
03. AXIS LEAFLETS DROPPED IN NORTH AFRICA 1940-1943 (out of print)
04. British and American leaflets to Holland 1940-45 (out of print)
05. Catalog of Axis Leaflets Dropped in North Africa to Troops and Civilians 1940 -1943, 2nd. edn. 1989.
06. Cold War Rocket leaflets (Berlin) (out of print)
07. V1 Rocket Propaganda Leaflets 1944-1945, 4th. edn. 1989. ISBN 0 9502151 9 8
08. Air-dropped propaganda and facsimile currency (out of print).
09. French leaflets dropped over Germany 1939-40 (out of print).
10. BRITISH LEAFLETS BALLOONED TO GERMAN TROOPS 1917-1918
11. ALLIED LEAFLETS TO BURMA 1942-1945
12. “Leaflets and newspapers for Japanese soldiers by SEAC: SJ, SJF, SJG, SJI, SJM,
SJN, 2/MPS/J” (out of print).
13. BRITISH BLACK PROPAGANDA TO GERMANY 1941-1945
14. CATALOG OF AIRDROPPED FACSIMILE POSTAL STATIONERY 1916-1918
15. ALLIED FORGED GERMAN RATIONING DOCUMENTS OF WWII.
16. GERMAN LEAFLETS TO NORTHERN FRANCE 1944
17. ALLIED LEAFLETS TO NORTH AFRICA, 1940-1943.
18. LEAFLETS DROPPED ON BELGIUM 1940-1944.
19. U.S. LUFTPOST AND FRONTSPOST NEWSPAPER LEAFLETS
20. ALLIED LEAFLETS OF OPERATION DESERT STORM – 1991.
21. ALLIED LEAFLETS TO GERMAN AND AUSTRIAN TROOPS IN THE
MEDITERRANEAN COUNTRIES AND ISLAND 1943-1945.
22. UNITAF LEAFLETS IN SUPPORT OF “RESTORE HOPE” IN SOMALIA.
23. LEAFLETS DISSEMINATED BY ARTILLERY SHELL
Putnam, Bill. TALES FROM THE TIGRIS: Kindle, 2012.
This book was written by the head of an Open Source Intelligence (OSINT) Cell who weekly published “What’s the Word on the Streets of Baghdad?” for the American leadership. It has little technical detail, but does cover the customs of the Iraqis he met and many of the rumors circulating in Baghdad in 2003-2004.
***Radvanyi, Janos, editor. PSYCHOLOGICAL OPERATIONS AND POLITICAL WARFARE IN LONG-TERM STRATEGIC PLANNING, New York: Praeger, 1990.
Ramakrishna, Kumar: EMERGENCY PROPAGANDA. Curzon Press, Surrey, UK, 2002. A University thesis on the British “emergency” in Malaya 1948-1958. 306 pages, no illustrations. A very detailed explanation of both British government and Malayan Communist Party propaganda.
Rendell, Kenneth W: WITH WEAPONS AND WITS. 1992.
Selections of propaganda and psychological warfare leaflets from the personal collection of the author.
Reske, Charles: MAC-V-SOG COMMAND HISTORY, 1971-1972, ANNEX B, VOLUMES I AND II. (DECLASSIFIED), Alpha Publications, POB 308 Sharon Center, Ohio, 44274-0308, 1990.
Several chapters on OP32 (The Air Studies Branch), OP33 (The Psychological Studies Branch), and OP39 (The Psychological Studies Group).
Rhodes, Anthony. Edited by Victor Margolin. PROPAGANDA. THE ART OF PERSUASION: WORLD WAR II. New York: Chelsea House Publishers,1976. Republished by The Wellfleet Press. Secaucus NJ, 1987.
** Possibly the best of the big coffee-table books. Numerous illustrations and excellent text on all aspects and phases of Allied and Axis propaganda.
Richards, Lee, THE BLACK ART – BRITISH CLANDESTINE PSYCHOLOGICAL WARFARE AGAINST THE THIRD REICH, Psywar.org, Peacehaven, UK, 2010.
This is a big coffee-table book; 443 pages and heavily illustrated. It explores the British WWII use of clandestine or “black” products against the Axis powers. An excellent reference, the best on the subject.
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Richards, Lee. WHISPERS OF WAR: Psywar.Org, 2010.
This 236-page paperback book lists about 1500 of the 8,000+ underground propaganda rumors prepared by the British during WWII and disseminated in Europe as part of a “whisper campaign.” The rumors are broken up into sections so a specific theme such as “Secret Weapons” is easy to locate.
***Robert, Philippe. POLITICAL GRAPHICS: ART AS A WEAPON. New York: Abbeville Press, n.d. Originally published as Il Linguaggio della Grafica Politica. Milan: Arnoldo Mondadori Editore, S.A., 1980; English trans. 1982
***Roberts, (Wheezy), M.E. Villages of the Moon: Psychological Operations in Southern Afghanistan.Baltimore. Publish America. 2005. A 195-page paperback book by a former PSYOP Detachment Sergeant in Kandahar and Team Chief in Geresk in 2002 and 2003. A look at how a Tactical PSYOP Team operates in today’s uncertain atmosphere.
Roetter, Charles. THE ART OF PSYCHOLOGICAL WARFARE, 1914-45. New York: Stein and Day Publishers, 1974. Also published by Batsford, London, 1974.
A fairly interesting look at wartime propaganda in two wars by both sides.
Rutherford, Ward: HITLER’S PROPAGANDA MACHINE. Grosset and Dunlop, NY, 1978.
A general look at Nazi white propaganda. A large book, numerous illustrations. Little data on leaflets.
Sandler, Dr. Stanley: “CEASE RESISTANCE: IT’S GOOD FOR YOU”: A HISTORY OF U.S. ARMY COMBAT PSYCHOLOGICAL OPERATIONS. 2nd Edition, 1999. USASOC, US Army
A 436-page paperback book that attempts to give a complete general history of U.S. Army PSYOP. There are chapters on WWI, WWII, Korea, Vietnam, Grenada, Panama, Kuwait and the Kurds.
Sareen, T.R.: SELECT DOCUMENTS ON INDIAN NATIONAL ARMY, Agam Prakashan, Delhi, 1988.
A series of documents on the foundation and activities of the Indian National Army. One section is on INA psychological warfare. Nothing specific on leaflets.
Scanlon, Phil Jr. THE TREE WANTS TO BE STILL BUT THE WIND WON’T LET IT – A STUDY OF SECOND INDOCHINA WAR PROPAGANDA LITERATURE. Bloomington, IN, 1st Books, 2000.
A 240-page poorly illustrated and edited paperback whose saving grace is that the author translates several Viet Cong propaganda documents.
Shelley Robert G. PROPAGANDA LEAFLETS OF THE SPANISH CIVIL WAR written and publ. by Ronald G. in 1990 and available from the author at 9, Chanctonbury Rd., Hove, East Sussex BN3 6EL.
Shultz, Richard. THE SECRET WAR AGAINST HANOI, New York, NY: Harper Collins Publishers, 1999
***Simpson, Christopher. SCIENCE OF COERCION: COMMUNICATIONS RESEARCH AND PSYCHOLOGICAL WARFARE 1945-1960. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1994. (A recent, rather hostile treatment of psychological warfare [broadly defined to include violence and covert operations of various sorts], which is useful in providing a different perspective on PSYOP.)
Smith, Paul. ON POLITICAL WAR, Washington, D.C., National Defense University Press, 1989
Snyder, Russell. HEARTS AND MINES – WITH THE MARINES IN AL ANBAR: A STORY OF PSYCHOLOGICAL WARFARE IN IRAQ, Casemate Publishing, Philadelphia, 2012
Snyder was a member of a Tactical PSYOP Team supporting the U.S. Marines in Iraq. 253 pages with no illustrations. An excellent biography of what it is like to be a PSYOP team member, but lacks detailed information about psychological operations.
Sorensen, Thomas C.: THE WORD WAR, Harper & Row, N.Y., 1968.
A concise history of U. S. propaganda from WWI to Vietnam by the former Deputy Director of the U.S. Information Agency.
Sparagana, Eleanor Anne: the Conduct and Consequences of Psychological Warfare: American Psychological Warfare Operations in the War against Japan, 1941-1945, PhD Thesis, Brandeis University, 1990.
A very well written thesis on the history of U.S. Propaganda against Japan. It reads smoothly and the author covers almost every aspect of our propaganda campaign in the Pacific. Available at the Military History Institute, Carlisle Barracks, PA.
Stanley, Peter: WHAT DID YOU DO IN THE WAR, DADDY? – A VISUAL HISTORY OF PROPAGANDA POSTERS. Oxford University Press, 1983.
A general look at propaganda posters used in WWI, WWII and Vietnam.
Stewart, Richard W., Dr. Stanley Sandler, Dr. Joseph R. Fischer. To Free From Oppression: A Concise History of U.S. Army Special Forces, Civil Affairs, Psychological Operations and the John F. Kennedy Special Warfare Center and School. 3d. Ed. Fort Bragg, NC: United States Army Special Operations Command, 1996.
Stokker, K.: FOLKLORE FIGHTS THE NAZIS. 1996
Occupied Norway in WWII. Mentions mock postage stamps.
***Stuart, Sir Campbell, SECRETS OF CROWE HOUSE – THE STORY OF A FAMOUS CAMPAIGN, Hodder and Stoughton, London, 1920.
Recounts British propaganda operations in enemy countries during World War I.
***Sturgill, Claude. LOW-INTENSITY CONFLICT IN AMERICAN HISTORY, Westport, CT: Praeger, 1993.
***Summers, Robert E. AMERICA’S WEAPONS OF PSYCHOLOGICAL WARFARE (International Propaganda and Communications, 1972
***Taylor, Philip M. MUNITIONS OF THE MIND: A HISTORY OF WAR PROPAGANDA FROM THE ANCIENT WORLD TO THE PRESENT DAY: Manchester University Press, UK, 2003:
A general history of propaganda from the ancient world all the way to the Gulf War. 344 pages, no illustrations.
***Taylor, Philip M. MUNITIONS OF THE MIND: WAR PROPAGANDA FROM THE ANCIENT WORLD TO THE NUCLEAR AGE. Wellingborough, England: Patrick Stephens Ltd., 1990.
***Taylor, Philip M. WAR AND THE MEDIA, PROPAGANDA AND PERSUASION IN THE GULF WAR. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1998.
***Thomson, Oliver. EASILY LED – A HISTORY OF PROPAGANDA, Sutton Publishing Co., UK: 1999.
A very academic look at historical propaganda from an author who believes that every type of communication, including music, opera, dance, poetry and theatre is propaganda. No current operations mentioned.
Thum, Gladys & Marcella. THE PERSUADERS: PROPAGANDA IN WAR AND PEACE. New York: Atheneum, 1972.
Tourison, Sedgwick D. JR.: SECRET ARMY, SECRET WAR, Naval Institute Press, Annapolis, Maryland, 1995.
There are three references to the American counterfeiting of the currency of North Vietnam. In all cases, the currency was taken to the north by Vietnamese agents under the supervision of the CIA.
***Tuch, Hans N. COMMUNICATING WITH THE WORLD: U.S. PUBLIC DIPLOMACY OVERSEAS. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1990.
***THE VALUE OF PROPAGANDA LEAFLETS DISSEMINATED BY AIRCRAFT, Operations Research Office, John Hopkins University, Washington DC, USA in 1950.
S. Army Senior officer debriefing program – after-action report by Vietnam PSYOP Commanders.
Lieutenant Colonel William J. Beck, 4th PSYOP Group, 15 October 1967 – 7 October 1968. 27 pages.
S. Army Senior officer debriefing program – after-action report by Vietnam PSYOP Commanders.
Colonel Taro Katagiri, 4th PSYOP Group, 4 October 1968 – 13 March 1970. 17 pages.
S. Army Senior officer debriefing program – after-action report by Vietnam PSYOP Commanders.
Colonel Harold F. Bentz, 7th PSYOP Group, 30 November 1968 – 16 May 1972. 12 pages.
Volkogonov, Dmitri. PSYCHOLOGICAL WAR, Published 1987
Vy, Tran Quang, VIETNAM POSTAGE STAMP COLLECTION ON THE ARMED STRUGGLE FOR THE FATHERLAND SAFEGUARD.
Concerning propaganda postage stamps of Vietnam including the fight against the French and the Americans. Published for the 50th anniversary of the People’s Army. A view of the Vietnam War as seen from the other side
***Waller, Douglas. THE COMMANDOS: THE INSIDE STORY OF AMERICA’S SECRET SOLDIERS, New York: Simon & Schuster, 1994.
WAR AIR DROPPED LEAFLET EXHIBITION SPONSORED BY THE INTERNATIONAL PSYWAR SOCIETY. EUROCOM Corporation and Dae Han Investment. June 24 July 1, 1990.
54-page booklet illustrating leaflets of the Korean War from the exhibition.
Warren, Major Harris G., SPECIAL OPERATIONS. AAF AID EUROPEAN RESISTANCE MOVEMENTS 1943-45 Aerospace Historian, Dept. of History, Eisenhower Hall, Manhattan, Kansas, USA in 1947.
A combat study.
***Watson, Peter. WAR ON THE MIND: THE MILITARY USES AND ABUSES OF PSYCHOLOGY, New York: Basic Books, Inc., 1978
***WEAPON OF CHOICE – U. S. ARMY SPECIAL OPERATIONS FORCES IN AFGHANISTAN, Brisco, Kiper, Schroder and Sepp, Combat Studies Institute Press, Ft. Leavenworth, KS, 2003.
A detailed military history of Special Forces operations in Afghanistan. Several pages and some photographs dedicated to PSYOP.
***White, John Baker. THE BIG LIE, New York: Thomas Y. Crowell Company. , 1955
British Black Propaganda
***Willard, Gordon. THE PSYCHOLOGY OF RUMOR, Allport, 1965
Williams, L.N. & Williams, M. FORGED STAMPS OF TWO WORLD WARS by L.N. and M. Williams; publ. by the authors, 1954.
British and German “black” philately
Winkler, Allen M: THE POLITICS OF PROPAGANDA – THE OFFICE OF WAR INFORMATION 1942-1945. Yale University Press, New Haven, 1978.
Discusses the background and political difficulties faced by the OWI. Some data on propaganda campaigns. No black operations.
BOMBER COMMAND – An Air Ministry Account of Bomber Command’s Offensive against the Axis Sept 1939 – July 1941. Contains a chapter entitled “White Bombs; the Leaflet Raids”.
FLUGBLATTPROPAGANDA IM 2. WELTKRIEG. Stattsbibiothek, West Berlin.
A small German-language softback booklet.
PAPER WAR – PROPAGANDA LEAFLETS, publ. by The Japan Peace Museum in 1990. ISBN 4-900592-03-X. Illustrated catalogue (50% colour) of WWII leaflets to and from Japan
PAPER BULLETS, GREAT PROPAGANDA POSTERS AXIS & ALLIED COUNTRIES WW II, New York/London: Chelsea House Publishers, 1977 with an Essay on Psychological Warfare by Daniel Lerner
PERSUADING THE PEOPLE: GOVERNMENT PUBLICITY IN THE SECOND WORLD WAR, London: HMSO Publications Center, 1995
PROPAGANDA POLITICA E MEZZI DI COMUNICAZIONE DE MASSA TRA FASCISMO E DEMOCRAZIA, edited by Adolfo Mignemi, Istituto Storica Dela Resistenza in Provincia di Novara “P. Fornara” in 1995 .
Mainly WWII Italian Theatre leaflets including OSS productions
PSYCHOLOGICAL OPERATIONS IN GUERRILLA WARFARE/THE CIA’S NICARAGUA MANUAL, with Essays by Joanne Omang and Aryeh Neier, New York: Random House, 1985
THE “SUN” AT WAR, Sun Engraving Co., Watford, 1945.
Their house publication – leaflets they printed for PID.
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*** THE ART AND SCIENCE OF PSYCHOLOGICAL OPERATIONS. Two Volumes, DA Pam 525-7-1/2.
A selection of several hundred articles on propaganda campaigns, similar to the Daugherty book mentioned above. This book updates the articles to 1976.
CAPABILITIES HANDBOOK – 4th Psychological Operations Group.
COMMANDER’S GUIDE TO TACTICAL PSYCHOLOGICAL OPERATIONS. – 4th Psychological Operations Group.
Contains the title, identification number and period of dissemination of all Allied airborne leaflets dropped by UK based aircraft.
COMMUNICATING WITH VIETNAMESE THROUGH LEAFLETS. Field Development Division, Office of Plans and Policy, JUSPAO. Saigon, Republic of Vietnam, November 1968.
A 42-page illustrated manual depicting and explaining proper and improper uses of leaflet images and text.
A COMPLETE INDEX OF ALLIED AIRBORNE LEAFLETS AND MAGAZINES, 1939-1945 published in 1945 probably by an official British source. (Reprints are available from the Psywar Society).
5TH LOUDSPEAKER AND LEAFLET COMPANY 1951-1952.
FOREIGN POLICY BY PROPAGANDA LEAFLETS: Winter, 1945
HISTORY – 2ND MOBILE RADIO BROADCASTING COMPANY, May 1945.
INFORMATION OPERATIONS AND PSYCHOLOGY OPERATIONS IN THE USSOUTHCOM AREA OF RESPONSIBILITY (U) Published by 4th Psychological Operations Group (Airborne) POG-2640-MX/N3/S-98 August 98
JTF PROVEN FORCE – VAN KEDISI – DESERT STORM, 1991
LEAFLET CATALOG – 7TH PSYOP BATTALION – DANANG, July 1969.
** LEAFLET MAGAZINE – PRINT COMPANY (The Psychological Operations Dissemination Battalion (Airborne) leaflet magazine of Operation Desert Shield/Desert Storm, 1990-1991). The magazine exists both with and without a blacked-out leaflet on page 26.
** LEAFLET MAGAZINE – 4th PSYCHOLOGICAL OPERATIONS GROUP (AIRBORNE) LEAFLETS OF THE PERSIAN GULF WAR. 4th PSYOP Group. 1991
** LEAFLET MAGAZINE – PSYCHOLOGICAL OPERATIONS IN SUPPORT OF OPERATION RESTORE HOPE. Unified Task Force Somalia. 1993
** LEAFLET MAGAZINE – PSYCHOLOGICAL OPERATIONS SUPPORT FOR OPERATION PROVIDE COMFORT. (THE KURDS) 4th PSYOP Group. 1994
** LEAFLET MAGAZINE – PSYCHOLOGICAL SUPPORT TO OPERATION UPHOLD DEMOCRACY. Joint Psychological Operations Task force Haiti. 1995
** LEAFLET MAGAZINE – PSYCHOLOGICAL OPERATIONS SUPPORT TO OPERATION ALLIED FORCE. (KOSOVO). 4th PSYOP Group. 1999
LEAFLET OPERATIONS – WESTERN EUROPEAN THEATRE. Supreme Headquarters Allied Expeditionary Force (SHAEF), 2 July 1945.
A 127-page history of SHAEF propaganda leaflet operations in Western Europe. Original leaflets are depicted along with official translations.
NATIONAL CATALOG OF PSYOPS MATERIALS: Joint US Public Affairs Office, Field Development Division, Saigon, Vietnam APO 96243. August 1969.
NATIONAL CATALOG OF PSYOP MATERIAL – JUSPAO, Saigon, March 1969.
NON-CLASSIFIED PRINT PROJECTS. Persian Gulf War documents
OFFICERS’ CALL – ARMY PSYCHOLOGICAL WARFARE: Volume II, No. 5.
OPERATING INSTRUCTION: PSYOP FOR NORTH KOREA: Department of the Army, 7th Psychological Operations group, 21 November 1968
16 page booklet listing over 100 PSYOP themes to be used against North Korea.
OPERATION DESERT STORM: PSYOP
PUBLICITY AND PSYCHOLOGICAL WARFARE 1943 – 1945. 12th Army Group.
FM 33-1: PSYCHOLOGICAL OPERATIONS. DEPARTMENT HEADQUARTERS, Department of the Army. 1987.
FM 33-1-1: PSYCHOLOGICAL OPERATIONS – TECHNIQUES AND PROCEDURES: DEPARTMENT HEADQUARTERS, Department of the Army. 1993.
PSYOPS IN VIETNAM – INDICATION OF EFFECTIVENESS. JUSPAO Planning Office, Saigon, Vietnam, May, 1967. A study of the effectiveness of US PSYOP using captured VC and NVA documents. Many enemy discussion of the Chieu Hoi program and how to counter it.
JOINT PUB 3-53 DOCTRINE FOR PSYCHOLOGICAL OPERATIONS
PWB – PSYCHOLOGICAL WARFARE BRANCH COMBAT TEAM…
The functions of the PWB Combat team during WWII. Marked “Confidential”
PSYCHOLOGICAL WARFARE AND OUTSIDE FACTORS AFFECTING THE SURRENDER OF NORTH KOREAN AND CHINESE FORCES
ORO-T-40, L.A. Kahn and J. Segal (US Army, Far East Command) in February 1953.
THE PSYCHOLOGICAL WARFARE DIVISION SUPREME HEADQUARTERS ALLIED EXPEDITIONARY FORCE – AN ACCOUNT OF ITS OPERATIONS IN THE WESTERN EUROPEAN CAMPAIGN 1944 – 1945.
(with additional charts and leaflet images) on military PSYOP by SHAEF and the PWD in Western Europe from D-Day to the German capitulation. An excellent source of WWII Allied PSYOP data.
PSYCHOLOGICAL WARFARE PART TWO, SUPPLEMENT NO. 1, 14 July 1945
PSYCHOLOGICAL WARFARE PART TWO, SUPPLEMENT NO. 2, 15 August 1945
Published by CINCPAC-CINCPOA as Bulletin No. 164-45.
Illustrates and gives full English translations of many leaflets dropped on Japanese troops and civilians by the Americans after December 1944.
PSYWAR – A MAJOR WEAPON: United States Army Europe Information Bulletin 11.
PSYWAR LEAFLET REPORT: Headquarters, U.S. Forces, European Theater. July, 1945.
REPORT OF THE DEFENSE SCIENCE BOARD TASK FORCE ON THE CREATION AND DISSEMINATION OF ALL FORMS OF INFORMATION AND SUPPORT OF PSYCHOLOGICAL OPERATIONS (PSYOP) IN TIME OF MILITARY CONFLICT. May 2000, Office of the Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition, Technology and Logistics, Washington, DC 20301-3140
REPORT OF OPERATIONS – 12TH ARMY GROUP:
Propaganda operations by the 12th Army Group during WWII.
REPORT ON PSYCHOLOGICAL WARFARE IN THE SOUTHWEST PACIFIC AREA 1944-1945.
This is a 310-page compendium of formerly classified reports on psychological warfare plans and objectives for various targets in SWPA compiled by Colonel Bonner F. Fellers, Military Secretary and Psychological Warfare Officer to General Douglas MacArthur, Commander in Chief, SWPA.
ROYAL AIR FORCE 1939-1945; HMSO, 1954. Volume 1. Early Leaflet Dropping.
SMART BOOK FOR PSY-OPERATIONS – 5th Psychological Operations Group.
SPECIAL WARFARE: Various issues of Bulletin of Special Warfare Center, among them:
SPECIAL WARFARE: 5:2-5 Oct 1992, Training the PSYOP Force, by Parker, Jay M.
SPECIAL WARFARE: 5:6-9 Oct ’92, PSYOP Support to Operations Desert Shield/Desert Storm, by Summe, Jack N. (Maj, USA).
SPECIAL WARFARE: 5:13-17 Oct 1992, Upheaval in Europe: PSYOP Communication Lessons Learned, by Stech, Frank J. (LtCol).
SPECIAL WARFARE: 5:18-25 October 1992, Army Psy Warriors: A History of U.S. Army Psychological Operations. by Sandler, Stanley. Includes information on Urgent Fury, Just Cause, & Desert Storm.
SPECIAL WARFARE: 5:26-31 October 1992. PSYOP in Support of Low-Intensity Conflict by Kilgore, Joe E. (Maj).
SPECIAL WARFARE: 5:32-34 October 1992. PSYOP-Unique Equipment: Special ‘Weapons’ of Communication by Bailey, Chris (Capt)
SPECIAL WARFARE: 6:24-25 May 1993, When Forces Work Together: Army PSYOP and the FBI in St Croix, by Van Zandt, Clinton R.
SPECIAL WARFARE: 6:18-21 Jul 1993. PSYOP Task Force to JTF (Joint Task Force) Andrew: A Case Study in Support to Disaster-Recovery Operations by Kappelman Paul B. (LtCol) and Armstrong, Robert E. (Maj)
SPECIAL WARFARE: 7:19-21 January 1994, Military Psychological Operations in the 1990’s, by Timmes, Thomas A. (Col, USA, Ret).
SPECIAL WARFARE: 7:22-29 Jul 1994. Psychological Operations in Desert Shield, Desert Storm and Urban Freedom, by Jones, Jeffrey B. (Col,USA).
SPECIAL WARFARE: 7:2-9 October 1994. PSYOP (psychological operations) in Somalia: The Voice of Hope. by Borchini, Charles P. (Lt.Col) and Borstelmann, Mari.
SPECIAL WARFARE: 7:2-9 July 1994. JTF Haiti: A United Nations Foreign Internal Defense Mission. by Epstein, Stephen M. (Lt.Col) and others.
SPECIAL WARFARE: 10:12-19 Winter 1997, Russian Information – Psychological Actions: Implications for U.S. PSYOP, by Thomas, Timothy L.
A SYLLABUS OF PSYCHOLOGICAL WARFARE: Washington D.C. October, 1946. The Pentagon’s general answer to all questions concerning wartime propaganda.
UNITED STATES ARMY. Combined Arms Training Strategy for Special Forces, Psychological Operations, and Civil Affairs Units. Washington, Mar 1994. 1 vol.
UNITED STATES SOUTHERN COMMAND. Small Wars Operational Requirements Division. El Salvador: Psychological Operations Assessment. Fort Clayton, Panama, Feb 1988. 22 p.
UNITED STATES SPECIAL OPERATIONS COMMAND. Psychological Operations in Panama During Operations Just Cause and Promote Liberty. MacDill AFB, FL, Mar 1994. 36 p.
US PSYOP SUPPORT TO DISASTER PREPAREDNESS AND RELIEF IN LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN: A PRELIMINARY GUIDE (U), published by the 4TH Psychological Operations Group (Airborne), POG-2640-N4/N5/S-97, April 1997.
WHAT IS PROPAGANDA. EM 2 GI Round Table. The United States Armed Forces Institute, July 1944.
WHITE BOMBS – OWI, London.
** Denotes important military / meaningful reference.
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Papers : PSYOP
***Aquino, Michael A. (LtCol, USAR). Psychological Operations: The Ethical Dimension. Fort McNair, DC, 1987. 31 p. (Industrial College of the Armed Forces (U.S.) ICAF student research report).
Boling, Deanna I. (CAPT, USN). Operational Law in Support of Public Affairs and Psychological Operations. Newport, RI, Jun 1988. 32 p. (Naval War College (U.S.) Student thesis).
Brown, Stephen D. PSYOP in Operation Uphold Democracy. Military Review 76:57-64 Sep-Oct ’96.
Collins, Steven (LtCol USA). Centrally Planned & Decentrally Executed — A Dilemma Facing Military PSYOP, September 4, 1998, Published in Cyber Sword.
Collins, Steven (LtCol USA) and Guy, Jack C.(LtCol USA). Current Challenges and Future Roles for US Army Reserve PSYOP Forces. Trends and challenges faced by PSYOP and the need for reevaluation of resources. 15 March 2000. Published in Special Warfare Magazine, posted with permission on the PSYWARRIOR website.
Collins, Steven (LtCol USA). Mind Games. An assessment of the Coalition’s perception-management operations before, during and after Operation Iraqi Freedom and their implications for NATO. Posted on the PSYWARRIOR website.
Collins, Steven (LtCol USA). NATO and Strategic PSYOPS: Policy Pariah or Growth Industry? This paper examines current NATO PSYOPS policy, and the reasons why NATO should make changes in the aftermath of 9/11. Posted on the PSYWARRIOR website.
Dayton, Roy D. (Maj, USAF). Airborne Psychological Warfare in South Vietnam. Maxwell AFB, AL, Jun 1968. 75 p. (Air Command and Staff College (U.S.) Thesis).
Dunn, Michael J. (Maj, USAF). The Soviet Disinformation Campaign. Maxwell AFB, AL, April 1987. 67 p. (Air Command and Staff College (U.S.) Student report).
Friedman, Herbert A. (SGM USA Ret.).
Falling Leaves, PRINT, September/October 2003
Poison Cornflakes For Breakfast, THE JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF PHILATELIC AMERICANS, February 1972, The OSS campaign to drop propaganda mail on bombed German mail trains.
Propaganda Christmas Cards, THE AMERICAN PHILATELIST, December 2002, Propaganda Christmas cards produced by the enemy to demoralize Allied soldiers.
Propaganda Currency., COINS, November 1970
Propaganda Leaflets Invade Afghanistan, WORLD COIN NEWS, August 2002
PROPAGANDA: Paper Bullets Aimed at Hearts and Minds, SOLDIER OF FORTUNE, July 1986
Propaganda Ricocheted Both Sides, THE AMERICAN PHILATELIST, November 1985, German and American propaganda leaflets in the Form of letters and letter sheets.
Sex and PSYWAR: Pornographic Paper Dolls. SOLDIER OF FORTUNE, May 1981,
Sex Wars OUI, September 1983
Gill, Paul F. (Maj, USAF). The USAF Psychological Warfare Mission in South Vietnam–An Analysis of Doctrine and Tactics. Maxwell AFB, AL, May 1981. 28 p. (Air Command and Staff College (U.S.) Research report).
Greene, Terry F. U.S. Army Psychological Operations into the Year 2000. Carlisle Barracks, PA, April 1993. 44 p. (Army War College (U.S.) Study project).
Kriesel, Melvin E. (Col, USA). PSYOP: A Strategic Dimension. Carlisle Barracks, PA, April 1984. 63 p. (Army War College (U.S.) Study project).
Lewis, Barry W. (Maj, USAF). The Role of the Air Force in Psychological Operations. Maxwell AFB, AL, Apr 1984. 26 p. (Air Command and Staff College (U.S.) Research report).
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service. Roles and Functions of U.S. Combat Forces: Past, Present, and Prospects, by John M. Collins. Washington, Jan 1993. 112 p. (CRS Report for Congress no.93-72 S), Psychological Operations, pp 57-59.
McKelvy, Dolan M. (LtCol, USAF). Psychic Warfare: Exploring the Mind Frontier. Maxwell AFB, AL, May 1988. 53 p. (Air War College (U.S.) Research report).
Noll, James P. (Col, USAR). The 13th Psychological Operations Battalion (EPW) During Mobilization, Desert Shield/Desert Storm and Demobilization. Carlisle Barracks, PA, May 1993. 164 p. (Army War College (U.S.) Study Project). A discussion of the leaflets used in Desert Storm and an evaluation of their effectiveness from pre-tests and post-tests by Iraqi EPWs.
Paddock, Al, Dr. (COL USA RET). MG Robert McClure, Forgotten Father of Army Special Warfare by Dr. Al Paddock, Special Warfare, Fall 1999 Vol. 12, No. 4. Posted on the PSYWARRIOR website.
Pecot, C. Matthew, III (Capt, USA). Integrating Psychological Operations into the Joint Theater Level Simulation (JTLS). Wright-Patterson AFB, OH, Mar 1993. 1 vol. (Air Force Institute of Technology (U.S.) Thesis).
Pugh, Carol (Maj, USAF). Psychological Operations for the Operational Commander. Newport, RI, Jun 1996. 20 p. (Naval War College (U.S.) Student thesis).
Singer, P.W. and Olin, John M., Winning the War of Words: Information Warfare in Afghanistan, Analysis Paper #5, Brookings Project on Terrorism and U.S. Foreign Policy, October 23, 2001
Sparagana, Eleanor A. The Conduct and Consequences of Psychological Warfare: American Psychological Warfare Operations in the War Against Japan, 1941-1945. Ann Arbor, MI, UMI, 1990. 238 p. (Brandeis University. Thesis).
Thomas, Timothy L. The Mind Has No Firewall, Parameters, Spring 1998, pp 84-92
Torres, Herminio. Managing Meaning: The Role of Psychological Operations and Public Diplomacy in a National Information Warfare Strategy. Monterey, CA, Dec 1995. 1 vol. (Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.) Student thesis).
Volker-Cox, Lee (MAJOR USAF) Planning for Psychological Operations, A Proposal. Research Paper Presented to the Research Department, Air Command and Staff College, March 1997.
Westover, David (Capt.,USAF), A brief history of U.S. International Radio Broadcasting and War: From the Voice of America to Radio Tikrit, Strategic Public Relations Management: International Perspective, April 22, 2003.
Whitley, Gary L. (USN Civilian), PSYOP Operations in the 21st Century, Strategy Research Project, US Army War College. Carlisle, Barracks, PA, April 10, 2000.
Wilson, Eleanor M. (LtCol, USMCR). Psychological Warfare in Low Intensity Conflict (Latin America). Newport, RI, May 1987. 24 p. (Naval War College (U.S.) Student.
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Articles: PSYOP
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AIRMAN: 37:2-5 February 1993, Never Seen, Always Heard (the mission of the 193rd Special Operations Group is Psychological Warfare), by Morrow, Janice M.(Capt).
ARMED FORCES JOURNAL: 133:44 July 1996. Getting the Word Out: Psychological Operations Play Key Role in Saving Soldiers’ Lives. by Goodman, Glenn W., Jr.
ARMED FORCES JOURNAL: 134:22-23 Feb ’97. Rebuilding Bosnia: Army Civil Affairs and PSYOP Personnel Play Critical Nonmilitary Role in Operation Joint Endeavor. by Goodman, Glenn W., Jr.
ARMY: 42:16-22 December 1992, Psyop: Gulf War Force Multiplier, by Adolph, Robert B., Jr (Maj, USA).
ARMY DIGEST: 22 May 1967, Leaflet War, pages 32-35.
ARMY TIMES: 54:12-14 February 28 1994. Psyching Out the Enemy, by McIntire, Katherine and Munro, Neil.
ARMY TIMES, July 1, 2003, PsyOps unit gets new home
ASIA-PACIFIC DEFENSE FORUM 17:8-14 Winter 1992-1993, PSYOP: Winning Wars by Saving Lives (PSYOP leaflets during Gulf War), by Stankiewicz (LtCol, USAF, Ret).
AUSTRALIAN DEFENSE FORCE JOURNAL No.107:35-42 Jul-Aug ’94, Psychological Operations in Somalia, by Wilson, D. J. (Capt, Australian Army).
CARD PLAYER: 21c/11c-June 2008, The Opposite of Peace Sign, by James McManus. An article on the use of the Ace of Spades in warfare.
CARTES POSTALES ET COLLECTION: No. 139: …Avec les Daguets.
DEFENSE & FOREIGN AFFAIRS STRATEGIC POLICY 24:8-10 January 1996. Invisible Hand of Strategy: A Brief Introduction to Psychological Strategy. by Copley, Gregory R.
DEFENSE & FOREIGN AFFAIRS STRATEGIC POLICY 24:10 March 1996. Rediscovering Psy-Ops. by Copley, Gregory R.
DÉFENSE & SÉCURITÉ INTERNATIONALE: October 2007, POUR QUE LES PSYOPS RÉUSSISSENT, IL FAUT QUE L’ENNEMI SOIT CONVAINCU DE SA DÉFAITE.
ICON: August 1999, PSYOPS by Alex Lewin
INFANTRY, 86:14-17 September – October 1996. Tactical PSYOPS Supporting the Infantry Brigade and Battalion. by Boisselle, James C. (Maj).
INTERNATIONAL DEFENSE REVIEW 29:59-61 March 1996. Peace in Mind: Will the UN Give Psyops a Chance? by Cloughley, Brian.
JOINT FORCES QUARTERLY: No.8:28-33 Summer 1995. PSYOP (psychological operations) and the Warfighting CINC (Commander in Chief) by Jones, Jeffrey B. (Col) and Mathews, Michael P. (LtCol).
LOW INTENSITY CONFLICT & LAW ENFORCEMENT: 2:195-211 Autumn 1993, ‘No More Tactical Information Detachments’: U.S. Military Psychological Operations in Transition, by Paddock, Alfred H., Jr.
MARINE CORPS GAZETTE 73:38 September 1989, Discovering Psychological Operations by Barr, Edward J..
NATIONAL DEFENSE MAGAZINE: February 2001, PSYOPS Units Encouraged to Modernize Their Equipment, by Harold Kennedy
NIGHT FLYER MAGAZINE: 4:9 September 1996, PSYOP: Most Powerful Non-Lethal Weapon System, by Rodgers, R. Scott (Maj, USAF).
ORBIS: 22 Winter 1978, VC/NVA Propaganda Leaflets addressed to U.S. Troops: Some Reflections. pages 913 – 926.
PRINT MAGAZINE: September-October 2003, FALLING LEAVES.
PUBLIC OPINION QUARTERLY. XII, fall 1949, Some Psychological Lessons from Leaflet Propaganda in WWII, article by M. F. Hertz , pp 471-486
PUBLIC OPINION QUARTERLY. XV, spring 1951, Psychological Warfare in Korea: an Interim Report, (Report of U.N. PSYOP in Korea from June to December 1950), no author listed, pp 65-75
Reserve-National Guard.com: October 1993, Getting the Word Out – The 193rd Special Operations Wing by Jennifer G. Williams.
SOLDIERS: 47, 6-8 May 1992, Mind Games, (psychological operations in Operation Desert Storm), by McMichael, William H. (SSgt, USA)
SPECIAL WARFARE: October 1992, Psyop – Waging Warfare for the Mind.
SPECIAL WARFARE: July 1994, Psychological Operations in Desert Storm.
SPECIAL WARFARE: Fall 1999, Theory, Research, Practice: Three Ways to Increase PSYOP Effectiveness.
USACAPOC’s (Army Civil Affairs and Psychological Operations Command) FOCUS Project: Waging the War for Information by Blanchette, Joel G. (BrigGen).
VERITAS, The Journal of Army Special Operations History, Volume 1, Number 2, Volunteering for Combat Loudspeaker Psywar in Korea, by Charles H. Briscoe
VERITAS, The Journal of Army Special Operations History, Volume 1, Number 1, Reaching Out: Psychological Operations in Operation Iraqi Freedom, Cherilyn A. Walley and Michael R. Mullins
VERITAS, The Journal of Army Special Operations History, Volume 1, Number 1, Getting the Message Out: Tactical PSYOP in Operation Iraqi Freedom , by Robert W. Jones, Jr.
VIETNAM: December 1990, Winning Vietnamese minds was what the U.S. Army’s 4th Psychological Operations group was all about.
VIETNAM: October 2005, Ho Chi Minh’s Propaganda War, by Bob Horton. An illustrated article that discusses the Viet Cong leaflets archived in the Vietnam Center at Texas Tech University.
VIETNAM: April 2007, North Vietnam Propaganda Posters 1965-1985.
VIETNAM: October 2009, Weapons of Mass Persuasion, by Herb Friedman.
An illustrated article on the subject of the Chieu Hoi (Open Arms) program in Vietnam.
WORLD WAR TWO: Issue 63, The Propaganda War. An illustrated 28-page magazine with articles on Goebbels, anti-Semitism and Russian, German, British, and Japanese propaganda.
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Psyop : OPERATIONS (I)
ATLANTA JOURNAL-CONSTITUTION: October 10, 2001, Leaflets, broadcasts among arsenal ised to change hearts, minds. By Ron Martz.
BALTIMORE SUN: October 16, 2001, U.S. radio broadcasts, pamphlets tell Afghans they aren’t the enemy.
BBC NEWS: October 16, 2001, The US war of minds, by George Eykyn.
BOSTON GLOBE: October 18, 2001, PSYOP Readiness Doubted, by David Abel
CHICAGO TRIBUNE: October 15, 2001, All’s Fair in Psychological Warfare, by Michael Kilian.
CNN.com: October 16, 2001, Information Warfare as Important as Bombing, by David Grange
CNN.com: October 18, 2001, U.S. Propaganda to Taliban: You are Condemned, by Jamie McIntyre
CNN.com: October 18, 2001, The Partnership of Nations is Here to Help
DALLAS MORNING NEWS: October 9, 2001, Battling to Change Minds, by David Tarrant
DALLAS MORNING NEWS: October 23, 2001, War’s Latest Weapons: Words, by Gregg Jones and Tod Robberson
DALLAS MORNING NEWS: October 26, 2001, Winning the Crucial Battle for Hearts, Minds by David Tarrant.
FAYETTEVILLE OBSERVER: October 11, 2001, Psyop Soldiers fight with a message By J.S. Newton.
FreeRepublic.com: November 8, 2001, DOD Officials Call Afghanistan ‘Ideal’ For Psychological Operations by Adam J. Hebert.
Freeserve.com: October 17, 2001, War of Words by Ryan Battles.
THE HERALD: Glasgow Scotland, October 4, 2001, How a War of Nerves Can Be Won Without Body Bags, by Ian Bruce
***INDEPENDENT.co.uk: October 26, 2001, The World at War.
MSNBC: October 9, 2001, Information Warriors Drop Leaflets Into Afghanistan, by Deb Riechmann.
MSNBC: October 16, 2001, U.S. Finding It Tough to Reach Arabs
MSNBC: October 18, 2001, U.S. Reaches Out to Afghans Via Radio
MSNBC/ASSOCIATED PRESS: November 8, 2001, Psyop Group Tries Music to Entice Afghanistan.
NEWS AND TELEGRAPH: United Kingdom, August 8, 2001, Hippy Who Waged War with Music and Posters by Toby Harnden.
New Scientist.com, December 8, 2001, Psychological Warfare Waged in Afghanistan, by Emma Young
THE NEW YORK TIMES: October 14, 2001: Sewing Seeds of Doubt. A comparison of leaflets used in Afghanistan with those of other wars by Tom Zeller.
THE NEW YORK TIMES: November 11, 2001, In the War on Terrorism, a Battle to Shape Public Opinion, by Elizabeth Becker.
THE NEW YORK TIMES: February 19, 2002, Pentagon Readies Efforts to Sway Sentiment Abroad, by James Dao and Eric Schmidt.
THE PALM BEACH POST, November 12, 2001, We’re in your head, By Chris Hutchins
STARS AND STRIPES: 5 February 2002, Soldiers work to win minds and hearts in Afghanistan
THE STRAITS TIMES: 17 October, 2001, Radios Being Dropped to Woo Afghan Hearts, by Alfred Lee.
TIME: October 16, 2001, Opening Up the PSYOPS War, The U.S. goes on the offensive for the hearts and minds of Afghans by Douglas Waller.
TIME: December 10, 2001, Using Psywar Against the Taliban. There’s another war going on in Afghanistan, one you don’t need missiles or bullets to win by Douglas Waller
TORONTO STAR: October 21, 2001, The Use of Media as a Weapon, by Eric Margolis
USA TODAY: October 16, 2001, U.S. Message Is Difficult Delivery by Barbara Slavin
USA TODAY: October 02, 2001, Special Soldiers Cover Mental Terrain. The PSYOP campaign in Afghanistan. Andrea Stone.
USA TODAY: October 15, 2001, Pentagon Drops Leaflets During Bombings
THE VIRGINIA PILOT: October 30, 2001, Pentagon Says Propaganda War Proving To Be Tough, by Dale Eisman
THE WALL STREET JOURNAL: October 4, 2001, U.S. Tries to Manage Its Message, by Carla Ann Robbins.
THE WALL STREET JOURNAL: November 8, 2001, Spreading the Word, An Elite Army Team Opens A New Front: The Afghan Mind, by Greg Jaffe.
THE WEEKLY STANDARD: December 20, 2001, The Power of Propaganda, by Matt Labash.
THE WEEKLY STANDARD: December 24, 2001, Psyching Out The Taliban, The Army Plays Mind Games at Fort Bragg, by Matt Labash.
WIRED MAGAZINE: October 11, 2001, After Bullets Fly: War of Words, by Noah Shactman
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Psyop : OPERATIONS (II)
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ABERDEEN AMERICAN NEWS: April 15, 2003, Psy-war: Old tactic, new technique; unit aims to confuse, convince, by Rick Rogers.
AIR FORCE NEWS: February 28, 2003, Waging war with wits, words.
BBC: May 20, 2003, Sesame Street breaks Iraqi POWs
BBC NEWS: February 27, 2003, US escalates psyops war.
DAILY PRESS: Hampton Roads, VA: April 5, 2003. Psy-war: Old tactic, new technique
FEDERAL COMPUTER WEEK: 24 March 2003, DOD aims psy-ops at Iraqi officers by Matthew French.
FEDERAL NEWS RADIO: March 1, 2003, U.S. Drops Leaflets Over Northern Iraq.
GAINESVILLE SUN: June 15, 2003, U.S. radio in Baghdad increases surrender appeals
***THE GUARDIAN: April 2, 2003, The Battle for Our Hearts and Minds by Phillip Knightley
HERALD TRIBUNE: June 15, 2003, U.S. increases surrender appeals to Iraq scientists
HERALD TRIBUNE: June 15, 2003, U.S. increases surrender appeals to Iraq scientists
HOUSTON CHRONICLE: June 15, 2003, U.S. increases surrender appeals to Iraq scientists
MACON TELEGRAPH: March 28, 2003, Leaflets Send Message to Iraqi Soldiers by George Jahn.
NORRISTOWN TIMES HERALD: March 21, 2003, War of the mind , by Keith Phucas.
TALAHASSEE DEMOCRAT: June 5, 2003, U.S. troops try to win over Iraqi hearts
USA TODAY: October 3, 2002, Allied planes drop leaflets warning Iraqi troops by The Associated Press
US EUROPEAN COMMAND: March 13, 2003, Coalition Drops Leaflets in Northern Iraq
US NEWS & WORLD REPORT: March 21, 2003, Conflict with Iraq: Psychological Operations Getting the U.S. message to Iraqis by Jeff Glasser.
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THE ART OF WAR. SUN TSU. 9th Century BC.
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Xu Hezhen, Focus on Psychological War Against the Background of Grand Strategy.
Junshi Kexue, China Military Science.
Xu Hezhen, Psychological Operations in the Context of Grand Strategy.
Xu Hezhen, Focus on Psychological War.
Ma Jingcheng and Yan Jianhong, Comparison of Psychological Warfare Between China and the West.
Li Yuankui, Wang Yanzheng and Yang Xiaoli, On Defense in Modern Psychological Warfare.
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More will be added as we collect and read the material
Unit
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Section II. Related External Reference Material
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USSR. PSYCHOTRONICS – Controlled Offensive Behavior. July 1972
USA. NON-LETHAL WEAPONS – Strategic Policy Implications for
21st Century Peace Operations. LTC Paul R. Capstick. U.S. Army
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Secret Intelligence Service
Adversitate. Custodi Per Verum